About Future Melbourne 2020
A plan to meet the future challenges
Over the last decade Melbourne has established itself as an international hub for business, education, medicine, arts and industry. We have seen unprecedented growth in high-rise developments and living in our city centre, our historic and vibrant residential areas continue to thrive and our rejuvenated public domain inspires our many visitors. But significant challenges lie ahead. Rapid population growth across the metropolitan area will continue to increase demands on public infrastructure such as public transport, and further threaten the affordability of housing, particularly in the inner city. Growth also has potential to increase or cause negative social impacts if we don't plan for it well. Climate change will continue affecting our natural resources, which will have a substantial bearing on energy costs. Channel deepening will accommodate more freight traffic around the Port of Melbourne, impacting on our road network and amenity, and the decline in manufacturing will have some impact on employment.A plan for the communities of the City of Melbourne
The City of Melbourne is the Capital City hub of the wider Metropolitan Melbourne. It is a complex mosaic of communities of business, cultural, educational, residential and a major visitor destination. Future Melbourne is a plan by, and for these communities. It is a community plan for the future of Melbourne that aims to:- Engage citizens in creating a vision for the future, setting priorities and contributing to decision-making.
- Value and utilise local networks.
- Focus on people and place that requires a more flexible and joined-up approach to policy and service delivery.
- Connect the top-down and bottom-up policy processes that influence resource allocation.
Future Melbourne values
By working with Melbourne's diverse groups, organisations and individuals the City of Melbourne has developed seven general themes that underpin Future Melbourne. A city for health and wellbeingA city for health and wellbeing "...is one that is continually improving those physical and social environments and expanding those community resources which enable people to mutually support each other in performing all the functions of life and in developing their maximum potential." 1. It is a city that is vibrant, liveable and lived in, humanitarian and has a strong sense of place that brings people into happy and harmonious coexistence. An inclusive city - a city for everyone
An inclusive city provides services, facilities and events that build on our reputation as a tolerant, friendly and compassionate community. This social infrastructure is responsive and adaptable and serves all. A diverse and convivial city
A diverse and convivial city values and welcomes change. It's a friendly city, where difference is embraced and visitors are welcome. Diverse cities promote equity and accessibility for all (from children to elderly) and celebrate multiculturalism. An intelligent and creative city
An intelligent and creative city fosters learning and research. It is at the cutting edge of arts, business and education. It is creative, innovative, a leader, dynamic and adaptable.
A safe and democratic city
In a safe and democratic city, people never feel afraid. Ordinary people feel secure and that they have influence. It has human, political and intellectual freedom, with democracy and political robustness, community engagement, social capital and well-connected communities.
A green city
A green city values what we have, uses resources efficiently and cares for its community, future generations and the environment. A green city promotes sustainability, biodiversity, heritage preservation and conservation. It focuses on local priorities such as parks, gardens, fresh air, clean streets and clean rivers and coastline. Global responsibilities are taken seriously, such as the need to use resources efficiently and to address the many issues arising from climate change. A prosperous city
In a prosperous city, business and enterprise flourishes and people share in the prosperity. It is an entrepreneurial city with strong international connections and connectivity.
Future Melbourne goals
The City of Melbourne is committed to implementing Future Melbourne by 2020. The values of Future Melbourne are translated into six goals that set out a plan to build on our dynamic, liveable and prosperous city:- People
- Creative
- Prosperous
- Knowledge
- Ecocity
- Connected
Implementation and monitoring
To meet the 2020 commitments of Future Melbourne, it is critical its Goals, Pathways and Outcomes are supported by the Victorian Government. It is also essential the City of Melbourne works with the Australian Government, Victorian Government, local governments across the metropolitan region, sectors such as business and community, and with residents, workers and visitors. It is vital we share the same vision for a sustainable future as well as a commitment to changing the way we live and do business. The City of Melbourne will measure the success of Future Melbourne by completing its many actions and seeing our Vision achieved – all the council's business plans and investment will be geared toward meeting our commitments. At the end of each Goal of Future Melbourne, a list of Indicators is provided – methods to determine the degree of success of Pathways and their outcomes and how we are progressing against each Goal.Collaborations
To develop Future Melbourne, the City of Melbourne collaborated with the University of Melbourne, the Committee for Melbourne, the Victorian Council of Social Services, the Australian Conservation Foundation, the Property Council of Australia, the RMIT Global Cities Research Institute and The Age newspaper. A Reference Group comprising prominent Melburnians also helped guide its development.The Reference Group
The Future Melbourne Reference Group is made up of prominent Melburnians with one thing in common - a passion for our city. This group of thinkers, leaders, movers and shakers is championing and guiding the development of Future Melbourne. The Future Melbourne Reference Group also gives advice on the overall objectives and direction of the Future Melbourne project. Members comprise a diverse mix of eminent thinkers and civic leaders with wide- ranging experience, skills and knowledge. The City of Melbourne acknowledges the significant contributions of Melburnians who served on our Future Melbourne Reference Group:  |
Carol Schwartz (Chair of the Future Melbourne Reference Group): Chair, Industry Superannuation Property Trust (ISPT); Melbourne International Arts Festival; and Our Community. |
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Cheryl Batagol: Chair, Melbourne Water; Deputy Chair, Sustainability Victoria. |
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Rev Tim Costello: CEO, World Vision Australia. |
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Nick Green: Chair, Victorian Olympic Committee. |
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George Lekakis: Chair, Victorian Multicultural Commission. |
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Harold Mitchell: President, Museum Board of Victoria; Founder, Harold Mitchell Foundation; Director, Opera Australia and National Gallery of Australia. |
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Sid Myer: Co-Vice President, Myer Foundation; Chairman, Asialink. |
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Prof Lyndsay Neilson: Former Under Secretary, Department of Premier and Cabinet, Victorian Government. |
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George Pappas: Chair, Committee for Melbourne; Vice Chairman, Bio-Melbourne Network; Senior Adviser, Boston Consulting Group; Chair, Monash Medical Research Advisory Board. |
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Elizabeth Proust: Non-Executive Director, Perpetual Ltd; Chair, Melbourne Symphony Orchestra; Chair, Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University. |
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Arron Wood: Director, Firestarter Pty Ltd; 2001 Young Australian of the Year; 2007 Prime Minister's Environmentalist of the Year; Board Member, Port Phillip and Westernport Catchment Management Authority. |
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Peter Yates: Managing Director, Allco Equity Partners; Chair, Australian Science Media Centre; Deputy Chair, Asialink; Board Member, The Australian Chamber Orchestra; the Royal Children's Hospital Foundation (Victoria), the Centre for Independent Studies and the National Portrait Gallery. |
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Geoff Lawler: Director Sustainability and Regulatory Services, City of Melbourne (ex officio member). |
| Vijoleta Braach-Maksvytis: Deputy Vice Chancellor, Innovation and Development, University of Melbourne (ex officio member). |
The public forums
Five public forums were held in mid 2007 to help develop Future Melbourne. Over 500 people attended these forums and various city leaders volunteered their time as guest speakers and participants. The forums generated a diverse range of ideas and key themes were: 1. Melbourne's Cultural Identity: What do we Value? 2. Sustaining Melbourne's Prosperity. 3. Meeting the Environmental Shocks in Melbourne. 4. Change and Social Inclusion. 5. Building our City for the Future. The City of Melbourne continued its community collaborations after the forums through its interactive website (e-village) and a series of articles in The Age newspaper inviting big ideas. We will continue engaging and collaborating with the community to refine and finalise Future Melbourne.Melbourne Now
Introduction
During the last two decades, Melbourne has experienced an urban renaissance. Once empty and uninviting streets and lanes have become busy centres of activity. Day and night the city is home to residents, workers and visitors, using the city in a variety of ways. Far from the 'old' city of grey office blocks that shut down at 5pm, today Melbourne is a welcoming and exciting place to be. Melbourne's transformation has not happpened by accident. Creative thinking was the spark that brought the city back to life. Partnerships between the City of Melbourne and Victorian Government The Postcode 3000 program brought residents to the city and new businesses sprang up to support them. Urban design strategies were implemented and a range of individual initiatives progressively helped to reinstate and reinforce the intrinsically dynamic qualities of the city. By the turn of the century, Melbourne had overcome the economic downturn of the late 1980s. In 2008, Melbourne is once again a capital city of strength and energy, with a new but understated global standing.
Snapshot of the Municipality of Melbourne
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Melbourne now
Business and economy
Melbourne is major city in the global economy. Global cities are centres of production of key advanced services such as accounting,advertising, banking and law. They are home to firms with expertise, knowledge and global competance in these services and have offices around the world. Whilst Melbourne is not a prime world centre such as London, New York or Tokyo it is a major global centre in accounting, advertising and a minor global centre in banking and law2. Melbourne also has global strengths in architectural and engineering services and bio-medical science. The economy of Melbourne is booming with record employment growth. Over 12,500 diverse enterprises now employ more than 298,000 people in the city, an increase of 21,000 since 2001 3. Finance, business services and tertiary education are the strongest growth sectors. Melbourne rated 34th within the top 50 financial cities as surveyed by the Mastercard Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index (2007)4, between Barcelona and Geneva, and second only to Sydney (14th) in Australia. Knowledge-based industries with great promise for the future have emerged, such as biotechnology and communications technologies. The city centre is a haven for creative entrepreneurs and is the retail capital of Australia, known for its fashion and other innovative enterprises. The built area of the city has dramatically increased in size during the past decade, with more than 100 new buildings constructed. While the majority of large buildings were traditionally located in the CBD, the Docklands and Southbank precincts have widened the spread of these buildings and created entire new precincts. The strong economy has generated a boom in residential development. Over 11,500 apartments were added to the city from 2001 to 2006, the majority of them high-rise developments that have created major new residential and entertainment areas.Knowledge
Melbourne's two largest universities are the University of Melbourne (also called Melbourne University) and Monash University, the largest university in Australia. Both are members of the Group of Eight. Melbourne University ranked second among Australian universities in the 2006 THES international rankings. While The Times Higher Education Supplement ranked the University of Melbourne as the 22nd best university in the world, Monash University was ranked the 38th best university in the world. Melbourne was ranked the world's fourth top university city in 2008 after London, Boston and Tokyo.City living
One of the most obvious impacts of this growth is in Melbourne's residential population. From 1991 to 2006 the population has more than doubled from around 34,600 to 76,000. The number of people living in the CBD increased from just 1000 in 1991 to over 9,000 in 2006 and continues to grow. The increasing presence of international students in the city has contributed to a resurgence of city living. In 2006, the City of Melbourne's higher education international student community was approximately 21,700, of which 8,400 lived and studied in the City of Melbourne, 3,300 lived in the municipality and studied elsewhere, and 10,000 studied in the municipality and lived elsewhere. [Insert population projection graph] People have rediscovered Melbourne as an entertainment and cultural centre. Its streets, laneways and other public spaces are full of life and their development is in line with Melbourne's intrinsic physical character. With state-of-the art cultural and creative infrastructure and world-class sporting facilities in or near the city, Melbourne hosts over 300 cultural, sporting and other key events each year. There are now 1,500 bars, cafés and restaurants in the CBD area alone and a diverse multitude of entertainment, cultural and dining venues in its inner suburbs. These advantages make Melbourne a top visitor destination. An average workday sees the population swell 10 times to over 700,000, including residents, workers, national and international visitors. On weeknights, the streets come alive with a new crowd, attracting 223,000 local visitors and about 63,000 national and international visitors 5.
Melbourne has also achieved significant recognition in the global economy. A 2006 international survey of 60 cities by the Anholt City Brands Index rated Melbourne the eighth best city brand. We are consistently ranked as one of the world's most liveable cities by the Economic Intelligence Unit Liveability Ranking. The Guardian Observer Traveller Awards voted Melbourne as the Number 1 favourite overseas destination in 2004.
Trends & Challenges
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climate change and the need for adaptation strategies
- an increase in the cost of business in Melbourne, coupled with a decline in the manufacturing industry across Victoria
- an increase in oil prices which has flow-on effects to increased costs for food, transport and living
- an increase in housing costs, potentially threatening the liveability and cultural diversity and vitality of Melbourne
- significant population growth and demographic change in the City of Melbourne - whilst our resident population remains young, our working and visitor populations are ageing and climate change 'refugees' and new communities with special needs may settle in Melbourne in future
- the need to maintain social cohesion, including social connectedness, family and community well-being and the distribution of economic inequalities
- a rapid improvement in technological change which can change the way people live, work and play, providing new opportunities and ways to deal with negative trends
- the city becoming a 24-hour city - one that is always open and requires a temporal planning framework.
- Prioritise health promotion activities to mitigate chronic diseases - due to increases in obesity, diabetes, cancers including cardiovascular disease and mental health disorders.
Mitigating chronic diseases
The World Health Report released by the World Health Organisation indicates that the global burden of chronic disease is increasing rapidly, and predicts by the year 2020 chronic disease will account for 73% of all deaths. Chronic disease is estimated to be responsible for around 80% of the total burden of disease, mental problems and injury, as measured in terms of disability adjusted life years.6 The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare defines chronic disease:- Have complex and multiple causes
- Usually have a gradual onset, although they can have sudden onset and acute stages
- Occur across the life cycle, although they become more prevalent with older age
- Can compromise quality of life through physical limitations and disability
- Are long term and persistent, leading to gradual deterioration of health
- While usually not immediately life threatening, they are the most common and leading cause of mortality.
Mitigating and adapting to climate change
Climate change is a critical challenge facing Melbourne. Its impacts will range from increasing food prices, sea level rises, more intense natural flooding and variable weather, heat waves, species extinction and the spread of emerging disease. 11 To address these issues we recognise that environmental sustainability is a priority. We must reduce our environmental impact to retain our liveability and respond to the pressures of climate change. We are living beyond our environmental means. New actions and approaches are required to boost our energy efficiency, and reduce our resource consumption and the amount of waste we generate. The link between environmental health and public health is critical and we must focus more on issues such as increasing opportunities for physical activity and improved mobility. Mitigating environmental pressures and reducing our ecological footprint is important, but it is increasingly urgent to address how to adapt to the projected impacts of climate change.Liveability
According to two global studies of liveability, the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) and Mercer Index, Melbourne's high standard of living relative to other cities is threatened.The EIU ranked Melbourne, along with Vancouver, as the best city to live for three consecutive years (2002, 2003 and 2004). The 2007 surveys ranked Melbourne second behind Vancouver. This is consistent with the results of the last three years, where Melbourne continued to score below Vancouver in the 'Culture and Environment' category. Based on the Mercer Index, Melbourne's position changed only marginally over the last five years. It was ranked 15th in 2003, 12th in 2004 and 14th in 2005. In 2006, Melbourne's ranking slipped to 17th and in 2007 remained 17th. As outlined in the Council of Capital City Lord Mayors (CCCLM) report (2007), liveability has a positive correlation with innovation - the number of patents registered in each city can be used as a measure of innovation (table 1). 12
| City |
Liveability Ranking (Mercer) |
Innovation Ranking (Patents) | |
| Zurich | 1 | 10 | |
| Geneva | 2 | 16 | |
| Dusseldorf | 5 | 31 | |
| Frankfurt | 6 | 4 | |
| Sydney | 9 | 25 | |
| Amsterdam | 11 | 12 | |
| Brussels | 14 | 18 | |
| Toronto | 15 | 29 | |
| Melbourne | 17 | 17 | |
| Stockholm | 20 | 1 |
Table 1. Mercer City Liveability and Innovation 13 Climate, public transport, congestion, air quality, crime and school systems significantly influence the evaluation of a city's quality of life in the Mercer studies. Some commentators, such as Monash University, have specifically attributed our falling liveability to increased congestion, an over-burdened public transport system and the diminishing affordability of housing. A key attribute of highly-ranked cities, such as Zurich and Vancouver, has been an excellent public transport system.
Business
The reduction of international trading barriers has ignited a wave of global business activity, which has mobilised goods, services, capital and labour. At the same time, technological and scientific innovation has redefined the methods and speed of business transactions. Melbourne is a significant international import and export hub and engaging the strengthening competitive economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China offers many opportunities. However, these countries also pose threats to our ongoing economic prosperity and environmental sustainability, because of their cheaper production costs and lower environmental standards. We need to ensure Melbourne retains its investment and business strengths by developing international partnerships, attracting significant infrastructure investment, and through business development and investment support programs. Skills shortages in some industries are already evident and we need to ensure we have a relevant and skilled workforce in future.Affordability
The affordability and availability of commercial premises, residential and visitor accommodation is a present and future issue. Office vacancy rates are low at present and we need to increase the availability of commercial space to encourage and ensure future economic growth. This commercial space must, however, be treated in the broadest sense, ranging from large corporate offices to small businesses, galleries, studios, music venues and other ventures. The city's recent and projected population growth is a major challenge. By 2020, it is expected another 40,000 people will live in the city. The rising costs of inner city accommodation and its reduced availability creates the risk that residents and workers earning lower incomes will move further out, deserting the city for employment or commuting. We also need to ensure appropriate and sufficient accommodation is available for national and international visitors. Diminishing housing affordability coupled with increased living costs indicate that without significant investment in public and social housing and crisis accommodation, the number of homeless people in the city will grow.Infrastructure
Communications Communications infrastructure is now integrated into the financial, marketing, information and communication strategies of every major corporation, education and political institution, community and government agency. Providing infrastructure is a key constraint on the greater adoption of this technology. For the City of Melbourne and its residents to communicate and compete globally in a world dominated by rapid information flows, infrastructure connecting the city to the commercial telecommunications network must have capacity to meet future demands. Transport Some of Melbourne's infrastructure is operating at capacity now. The road and public transport network is already experiencing significant pressure and will increase in future years. Fuel and vehicle costs, as well as congestion, have encouraged many to use alternative forms of transport to reach the city, such as walking, cycling and public transport. The City of Melbourne is developing new walkways, dedicated bicycle paths, connections and commercial spaces that add a new dimension to public space and which seek to reduce conflicts between street users, but we also need to further ensure all transport infrastructure is accessible, safe and inter-connected. Our infrastructure must respond to changing patterns of use and minimise congestion and air quality impacts.
Principal Bicycle Network - Inner Melbourne Region
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The Principal Bicycle Network (PBN) was envisaged to be a network largely made up of white lines on main roads marking bicycle lanes and wide kerbside lanes. These mostly low-cost facilities which can be installed without much impact on other road users have helped stimulate bicycle use to the current level. These types of facilities will continue to be widely used by cyclists. However, in order to achieve the cycling goals of IMAP and those of its member Councils, a separated, on-road bicycle network similar to that of leading European cities is required. The IMAP Bicycle Network is the 'first cut' at describing this network and selecting the routes that will be on it. Much work remains in developing the designs that will build it and gaining the support to make it happen.
IMAP has identified a new priority bike route network for the inner region. This map is a result of the IMAP collaboration.
Walking Framework Map- Inner Melbourne
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Social diversity and cohesion
Diversity and cohesion are mutually compatible and important themes in our city. We must ensure Melbourne retains its active cross-cultural engagement and remains open and positively embraces different cultural traditions. This means we must continue to debate, negotiate and build a shared set of meanings about social and cultural values that support tolerance, harmony and a celebration of Melbourne, whilst ensuring diversity and unique cultural identities flourish. Creative organisations and individuals from different cultural backgrounds that have been vital to enriching our city need to be supported, even as new cultural groups find expression.Emerging technologies
Technology, coupled with knowledge and innovation, can alter traditional concepts of the urban community. Cities that are fast adopters of new technologies excel in attracting creative individuals and younger educated people, which in turn stimulates business, product innovation and exporting services. New technologies offer opportunities to tackle future issues in new ways.Energy transition
Depleting oil fields and low discovery rates will inevitably raise oil prices. The much higher future oil prices predicted by the emerging Peak Oil consensus will increase the cost of goods in the City of Melbourne: we are one of the most car and energy-dependent cities in the world and are likely to face additional economic and social problems during the transition from the cheap oil era. 16 In an effort to reduce the impact of oil prices, the city must adopt renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and tidal. There is also a compelling case for helping enhance the capacity of individuals to adjust to change (City Research, 2007).Time (24 Hour)
Melbourne's reputation and appeal as a destination presents a multitude of issues. As more people fill the city streets daily over the 24 hours period, we need to find ways to build and manage the city to resolve potential conflicts between different users of the city - visitors, workers and residents. By 2017, more than one million people are predicted to visit the City of Melbourne on an average weekday. While this will provide great advantages in terms of revenue and skilled workers, this growth needs to be planned for and accommodated to protect the city's existing attributes and create a more vibrant, safer and sustainable 24-hour city.Strategic growth areas
Metropolitan Melbourne
In June 2007 an estimated 3.81 million people were living in metropolitan Melbourne, an increase of 61,700 people or (1.6 per cent) since 2006. Metropolitan Melbourne experienced the largest growth of all Australian capital cities in 2006-07 and is home to 73 per cent of Victoria's population. Metropolitan Melbourne's population is expected to grow by one million people during the next 20 years to 2030. The municipality of Melbourne's population will increase by approximately 100,000 in the same period. Approximately 620,000 new homes will be built in the metropolitan area, with most of these being one or two person households. Melbourne 2030 is the Victorian Government's 30-year strategy to plan and manage sustainable growth and development across the metropolitan area and surrounding regions. Melbourne 2030 seeks to protect the liveability of established residential areas and to concentrate major development in strategic areas (or 'activity centres') and on underdeveloped land. While a good supply of land for development will be maintained in designated growth corridors, over time there will be a shift away from continued urban sprawl and more emphasis on increasing density in existing and inner metropolitan areas particularly along the Principle Public Transport Network (PPTN). The Transit Cities program is a Victorian Government initiative. This program is aimed at strengthening regional cities and major suburban centres to help accommodate Melbourne's future population growth and manage the demand for housing and transport. Thirteen transit cities have been identified including Ballarat, Bendigo, Box Hill, Broadmeadows, Dandenong, Epping, Footscray, Frankston, Geelong, Latrobe/Warragul, Ringwood, Sydenham and Werribee. To protect Melbourne's valuable conservation, farming and recreation areas from suburban sprawl, the Victorian Government established an independent statutory body, the Growth Areas Authority, to oversee planning and development in designated growth areas. Identified growth areas are included within the local government municipalities of Casey, Cardinia, Hume, Melton, Whittlesea and Wyndham. Victoria's fastest population growth is currently occurring in Wyndham, Casey and Melton.
Inner Melbourne Action Plan
The inner Melbourne region covers the municipalities of Melbourne, Port Phillip, Yarra and Stonnington (west of Kooyong Road). This is an area of common interests and issues. Together, the four inner-city local governments (Melbourne, Stonnington, Port Phillip and Yarra) have developed an Inner Melbourne Action Plan. This inner Melbourne region was largely developed before the private car became a dominant feature of daily life and displays the characteristics of walkable neighbourhoods - higher density developments with a mix of land uses, local services and amenities, and extensive rail-based public transport networks - which were the norm of pre-car development. The Inner Melbourne Action Plan builds on the role inner Melbourne plays as the primary business, retail, sport and entertainment hub for the metropolitan area and the state. The plan addresses a broad range of regional and urban management issues including housing density; activity centres; tourist precincts; public transport, pedestrian, cycling and road networks; the physical environment and character of the inner area; major sporting and recreation facilities; and business development. Since 2006, a formally constituted alliance of the participating councils has been overseeing the ongoing development and implementation of the Inner Melbourne Action Plan.The municipality of Melbourne
Residential growth The population of the municipality of Melbourne has grown dramatically over the last decade. Between 1996 and 2006, the municipality's population increased 57 per cent. Approximately 86,000 City of Melbourne residents now live in 48,000 dwellings.The municipality of Melbourne had the fourth largest population growth rate at 5.8 per cent (4,500 people) of all Victorian municipalities during 2006-07. Within the municipality of Melbourne, Southbank and Docklands grew by 1,400 people (9.5 per cent) and the central business district grew by 790 people (6.2 per cent). The rest of the municipality's population grew by 2,300 people (4.7 per cent) during 2006-07. By 2020, the municipality of Melbourne's population could reach 140,000 people, living in more than 73,000 dwellings. Projecting further into the future, a capacity analysis (conducted in response to Melbourne 2030) estimates the municipality of Melbourne's capacity for 2030 is approximately 100,000 dwellings. The realisation of this figure will depend on demand and affordability. Across the municipality, locations exist that provide opportunities for residential and economic growth. The residential population of the central city (comprising Docklands, Southbank and the central business district) is expected to increase to 58,100 by 2020, in 15,500 new households. The central city is an area of continual urban renewal with a focus on major developments and redevelopment on vacant and under-used sites, sites with outdated land uses or buildings that have reached the end of their lifespan. Business growth The built area of the city has dramatically increased in size during the past decade, with more than 100 new buildings constructed. In the past, the majority of large buildings were located in the central business district. With the creation of the Docklands and Southbank precincts, the spread of large buildings has widened. The municipality has a range of major land uses. Of a total 44,662,415 m2 land and floorspace, 65 per cent is built space. Office, parking and private accommodation are the most prominent floorspace uses, followed by storage, entertainment and education/research. During the past four years, the strongest floorspace growth was recorded in private accommodation, office and private parking. Gross floorspace under construction has been gradually declining, which suggests the construction boom may be moderating. In the four years to 2006, floorspace under renovation declined even more substantially from 513,176 to 329,406 m2. Of the 882,500 m2 of land under construction or renovation, 30 per cent is intended for accommodation and 24 per cent for office purposes. The municipality has almost 14,000 business establishments (business locations), almost 1,500 (or 10 per cent) more than in 2004. The municipality of Melbourne's economy is booming with record employment growth. In the two years to 2006, total employment in the municipality increased by 10.6 per cent, or by about 35,000 employees, compared to only 2 per cent growth between 2002-04. Approximately 366,000 people work in the municipality but only about 297,000 of these travel to work here on an average day.
Guiding principles for growth
In the context of a continually growing and changing city it is important that the City of Melbourne helps enhance the municipality's liveability, sustainability and economic vitality, while protecting its valued heritage, culture and assets. In order to achieve this, the following guiding principles for the management of growth and change require that all new development will:- enhance the city structure and urban form by respecting its context and heritage, and demonstrating the highest architectural quality
- demonstrate what a truly sustainable city can achieve in terms of water, energy use, carbon emissions, social sustainability, mixed-use development and high quality public space
- improve physical integration and connection to the environment including through transport systems, cycling and walking routes
- enhance community integration by being accessible, welcoming, safe as well as providing improved amenity, health and well being outcomes such as community meeting spaces
- preserve places and precincts of heritage and cultural significance
- minimise the impacts of developments and new land uses on residential amenity
- ensure residential and mixed use developments increase residential density, manage housing change and respond to the needs of a diverse population and provide a range of housing options.
Central Business District
The central business district (CBD) will continue to support business, retail, office, entertainment and residential growth. It is the primary location for higher-order business activities in Victoria and has the capacity, facilities and infrastructure to support growth in all these sectors. From 2004, the municipality of Melbourne has strong office construction growth with net supply additions of around 175,300 m2 per annum. Based on planning and construction data from April 2008, there is still high demand with the greatest amount of office supply being in the CBD (643,668 m2). This is followed by the Docklands (559,281 m2) and Southbank (120,962 m2). Melbourne has also expanded rapidly as an entertainment and cultural centre with an increase in bars, restaurants, clubs, galleries and cultural facilities. There are 1,500 bars, cafés and restaurants in the central business district area alone and a multitude of entertainment, cultural and dining venues in its inner suburbs. The CBD's greatest strengths lie in its number of heritage buildings, pedestrian scale and tree lined streets built on the Hoddle Grid which laid out our pattern of streets and laneways in 1837. Its streets, laneways and other public spaces are full of life and intrinsic to Melbourne's physical character. The CBD is also a popular residential address and residents make an important contribution to the city. In 2008, there were 18,000 residents in the CBD. In 2007, the municipality's largest residential growth was in the CBD (754) and the largest number of dwellings under construction was in the CBD (1,325). There are many opportunities for further growth in the CBD. Growth and development must continue to complement the form and structure of the city.Major road and boulevard corridors
The major roads and boulevards in the municipality such as St Kilda Road, Punt Road, Victoria Parade, Royal Parade, Wellington Parade and Flemington Road are key corridors of activity and transport. Many were conceived historically as grand boulevards leading into the city. Most currently exhibit a mix of residential, employment, retail and cultural activities with excellent tram, bus and private transport infrastructure.There is considerable scope to consolidate high quality buildings along these urban activity corridors. They should continue to develop and intensify with a mix of uses and activities and, in many cases, fulfil the vision of their creators - as high quality, tree-lined boulevard streetscapes leading into the central city - fronted with fine, new and old, high density buildings, scaled and proportioned to suit the grand streetscape. The streetscapes should have a strong orientation to generous and high quality provision for pedestrians and cyclists and well designed public transport stops.
Docklands
The redevelopment of the Docklands precinct began in 1991 overseen by the Victorian Government's sustainable land development agency, VicUrban in partnership with private developers and other agencies. Built on the site of a former industrial port, Docklands is a new mixed-use inner city suburb designed for living, commerce, recreation and entertainment. Some of Victoria's largest and most sustainable office buildings are found at Docklands along with residential towers, a sporting stadium, a number of entertainment and recreation facilities and open spaces featuring bike paths, parks and public art. With its prime waterfront location on Victoria Harbour, Docklands is Melbourne's largest 'brown field' redevelopment project. Around 30 per cent of Docklands' 220ha area is completed or is currently under construction. All development is expected to be completed by 2020. Today, more than 4,000 people call Docklands home and over 7,000 people work there. By 2020, it is expected that Docklands will:- become home to approximately 20,000 residents
- welcome more than 40,000 workers each day
- attract more than 20 million visitors each year.
- create a vibrant and engaged community within Docklands that enhances the standing of Docklands as an international example of waterfront urban renewal and ensures the future of Docklands as a key destination within the central city for people to live, work and visit
- improve the provision of community services, infrastructure and recreational opportunities at Docklands, developing and implementing a joint City of Melbourne and VicUrban? Docklands Community Infrastructure Plan
- provide an enjoyable and functional physical environment at Docklands by making recommendations to VicUrban? on the ongoing use, design and development of public open space, waterways and infrastructure through the preparation of a Public Space Strategy for Docklands and the Docklands Waterways Strategic Plan 2008-2018
- strengthen the sense of community, create a vibrant and active waterfront ambience, and support small to medium sized businesses by delivering a strong and consistent program of events, marketing and tourism initiatives designed to activate Docklands in the short and long term.
Southbank
Southbank is largely the result of urban renewal programs implemented by successive Victorian Governments since the 1980s. The area has developed rapidly, starting with the opening of Southgate in 1991. Construction of the Westgate Freeway, CityLink? , Southgate, Crown Entertainment Complex, the Melbourne Exhibition Centre and significant residential development all happened within a short period. Southbank now accommodates a mixture of land uses dominated by commercial and entertainment activities along the river, with high-density housing to the south. Southbank also has commuter and freight roads of metropolitan significance. Southbank is also Victoria's major arts and cultural centre. It is home to the Victorian College of the Arts, the Malthouse Theatre, the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art, the Victorian Arts Centre and the National Gallery of Victoria. Southbank is one of the major residential growth areas within the municipality of Melbourne and provides significant residential development opportunities. Several Southbank sites are yet to be redeveloped. Southbank's population is expected to increase from 8,700 in 2007 to 15,000 in 2020. In April 2007, almost 2,000 new dwellings were under construction, with a further 1,500 dwellings in various planning stages. The focus of most recent efforts to improve Southbank has been on the river's edge and its surrounds. Away from the river, public amenity is compromised by car-dominated roads, a lack of street life, discontinuous walking routes and little open public space. Community services, facilities and spaces (indoor meeting and outdoor recreational) must cater for the needs of the local community now and for the projected population growth. The Southbank Plan prepared by the Victorian Government's Department of Planning and Community Development in partnership with the City of Melbourne, focuses on addressing these issues and improving Southbank's public spaces. The City of Melbourne will continue to work with the Victorian Government on the implementation of the Southbank Plan.
Image sourced from the Southbank Plan. Jointly produced by the Department of Planning and Community Development and the City of Melbourne. Artist: Geoffrey Falk. Image courtesy of Wilkinson Falk Architects.
The Sturt Street Cultural Spine is 'Project One' within the Southbank Plan and includes the reinvigoration of the Sturt Street cultural spine as the vibrant cultural and community heart of Southbank, including the construction of a major new pedestrian ramp linking the Arts Centre plaza with the Sturt Street cultural precinct. This will create a major activity strip the length of Sturt Street and link all the major arts and cultural institutions (existing and proposed) in the Southbank precinct.E-Gate
E-Gate is an under-used tract of land occupying more than 20ha on the fringe of the central city, making it one of the largest remaining development sites within the municipality of Melbourne. The precinct is located in North Melbourne east of Moonee Ponds Creek and is bounded by Footscray Road, Dudley Street and the rail yards. The site is situated next to significant transport nodes, including North Melbourne Railway Station, tram lines, CityLink? and the Port of Melbourne. Current transport, maintenance and administration activities on the site may not represent appropriate long-term land uses. While E-Gate is still in its early planning and investigation stages, it has potential to be a strategic redevelopment site with a location favourable to commercial uses, public transport and residential communities. However, any investigation of potential future opportunities must consider how much land the city needs for industry and preserve long-term opportunities. North Melbourne Railway Station sits at the edge of West Melbourne, isolated from Docklands. The Victorian Government is relocating the station entrance one block south to the intersection of Dryburgh and Adderley Streets, creating a new focal point and potentially freeing up the existing station entry building for new uses. The station itself would continue as an interchange between lines, with relatively few passengers accessing the local area. The development of E-Gate could however redefine North Melbourne Railway Station as an important access point for residents and destinations in all directions. New connections across the rail yards would enable the station to serve the north end of Docklands as well as the E-Gate area. New bus and tram routes could establish the station as a public transport hub. Future redevelopment of the E-Gate precinct must be sensitive to the challenges presented by the adjacent busy rail yards and the Port of Melbourne while demonstrating best practice in sustainable urban design and transport options.Central city south-east edge precinct (Jolimont Rail Yards)
Formally known as the Jolimont Rail Yards, the remaining sections of exposed rail tracks to the east of Federation Square and running south-east through the sports and entertainment precinct create a major physical barrier between the south-east edge of Melbourne's central city grid, the neighbouring river corridor and the expanse of facilities and activities of the sports and entertainment precinct. The central city's south-east edge is defined by the Russell Street extension to the west, the Exhibition Street extension to the east and Birrarung Marr to the south. The past 10 years have seen this section of the city transformed from an area dominated by rail yards, a scattering of isolated developments and a myriad other back-of-house service facilities. The central city south-east edge offers the opportunity to continue to build on the significant public and private investments that have already been made in this part of the city and improve the physical connection between the central city and the river corridor. Its prominent location requires that only development of the highest architectural quality and cultural significance should be considered. A sustainable mixed-use development should build on significant public and private investments already made in this part of the city.Parkville
Parkville, in the north of the city is dominated by Royal Park and comprises mainly residential and institutional uses. Almost 1,800 residents were living in Parkville in 2006. The stability of the residential population is dictated by the small areas available for residential use and the heritage significance of its residential neighbourhoods. Parkville is a major employment centre with around 23,000 people working there in 2006. Almost half were working in health services (14,362), with education the second largest employer (5,113). Many of Parkville's major institutions, such as the University of Melbourne and the Royal Melbourne Hospital, have been associated with Parkville for more than 100 years. Along with health, education and research, Parkville also accommodates residential, commercial and public land uses. Throughout Parkville's history, diverse land uses have coexisted successfully, contributing to the suburb's attractiveness and vibrancy. The sustained success of its key institutions and its attractiveness as a place to live and work has driven a continual process of growth and change. This process has accelerated in recent years and is expected to continue with the recently established Bio21 Institute, the redevelopment of the Royal Melbourne Hospital and the Royal Children's Hospital, the relocation of the Royal Women's Hospital and the potential redevelopment of the former Dental Hospital site. The Victorian Government released the Parkville Precinct Strategic Plan, developed to assure the precinct’s important role in health care, research and education. This 10-year plan will guide Parkville’s development, strongly positioning it to take advantage of its institutions, established links, advanced infrastructure and supportive environment. The existing residential areas of Parkville include significant heritage areas and capacity for growth is limited. South Parkville is an intact historic area of national importance. Change in Parkville needs to be carefully considered and managed with Parkville's heritage characteristics in mind. The main opportunity for growth is along the Flemington Road and Royal Parade boulevards, which have some potential for further intensification of development as noted above in the section on 'corridor' growth areas.Parkville Gardens
The former Commonwealth Games Village is being transformed into an integrated community including both private and social housing. The project is designed to be part of a legacy of social benefits left by the Commonwealth Games.The 20-hectare development includes:
- 155 detached homes, 28 townhouses and 103 apartments
- the retention and refurbishment of 11 heritage buildings
- the creation of wetlands and new parklands.
Additional project elements planned to be completed over the next few years include:
- an aged care precinct adjacent to Parkville Gardens (planned for completion in mid 2009), which will predominantly serve socially and financially disadvantaged elderly people in the northern metropolitan region
- a community garden adjacent to the William and Park Streets road link
- an innovative set of apartment buildings along the western boundary of the site that complement the surrounding area and enhance the existing Melbourne Gateway.
CUB site (including the RMIT Design Hub)
The Minister for Planning has approved the redevelopment of the former Carlton and United Brewery (CUB) site bounded by Victoria, Swanston, Queensberry and Bouverie Streets in Carlton. The site master plan reflects the site location at the edge of the central city and reinforces Swanston Street as the central civic pathway to the city and the Shine of Remembrance. The master plan includes:- 6 new high-rise buildings, including the RMIT Design Hub on the corner of Swanston and Victoria Streets, together totalling about 286,000 m2 in gross floor area
- the retention and re-use of the heritage structures on the site
- a broad mix of land uses including office, residential, retail (supermarket), education (RMIT Design Hub) and entertainment
- built form massing diagrams including preferred maximum building heights
- a network of diverse publicly accessible spaces through the site.
Carlton public housing redevelopment
Home to more than 12,000 residents, Carlton is a unique, culturally diverse part of Melbourne and an important precinct for tourism, education, hospitality and business. Carlton is also home to three public housing sites:- Lygon/Rathdowne Streets (existing public housing site)
- Elgin/Nicholson Streets (existing public housing site)
- Keppel/Cardigan Streets (former Queen Elizabeth Centre, currently vacant).
The Port of Melbourne
The Port of Melbourne occupies more than 500 ha of land in the west of the city. The Port of Melbourne Corporation has developed plans that envisage growth and enhanced connections with major transport infrastructure. The Port Development Plan estimates that in the next 20 years, an additional five berths and 25ha of terminal space is needed. The port impacts significantly on the municipality of Melbourne, playing a central role in the city's transport hub and network. The Port of Melbourne is Australia's busiest port, handling almost 40 per cent of the nation's international container trade. Ranked among the world's top 50 ports, the Port of Melbourne is Australia's international trading gateway for more than 40 shipping lines, providing access to over 300 international markets. 1718 A key driver of economic growth, the port contributes more than $2.2 billion to the Victorian economy each year and $2.5 billion to the national economy annually. It provides jobs for more than 13,700 Victorians and indirectly generates jobs for a further 62,000 people.19 The Port of Melbourne is expecting substantial growth over the next 30 years and anticipates:- 4 times more containers
- a 3 fold increase in the volume of Bass Strait trade
- more than 2.5 times the number of new motor vehicles (subject to a suitable location for this trade being found)
- double the quantity of bulk products.
See also
- Docklands Planning Area Strategic Statement, Vic Urban, Date: July 2000
- Docklands Integration and Design Excellence, Vic Urban, Date: July 2000
- Places for Everyone, Vic Urban and City of Melbourne, Date: May 2002
- ESD Guidelines, Vic Urban, Date: May 2006
- Water Sensitive Urban Design Guidelines, City of Melbourne, Date: 2005
- Central City, South East Edge Precinct Urban Design Guidelines, Department Sustainability and Environment, 2006
- Parkville Precinct Strategic Plan 2006
- Southbank Plan 2007
What will the Melbourne of the future be like?
A bold, inspirational and sustainable city.
Future Melbourne is a plan to grow Melbourne as a global city and as one of the top ten most liveable and sustainable cities in the world. Our measure of success will be achieving six goals for making Melbourne:- a city for people
- a creative city
- a prosperous city
- a city of knowledge
- an eco-city
- a connected city
Headline Targets
Ten headline targets have been selected as highlights from the many Future Melbourne targets set to help us measure progress towards these goals for the municipality by 2020. Progress toward these targets can be regularly reported on and will show our progress toward achieving our vision of not only a liveable but also a sustainable city. Targets may relate to multiple goals and together present an overall indication of our success.- 1. All visitors and residents feel welcome and safe in the city
- 2. All residents, businesses and visitors have easy access to electronic information
- 3. The municipality is home to at least 140,000 people
- 4. At least 20 per cent of new housing is affordable or social housing
- 5. City employment exceeds 400,000
- 6. Per capita greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 have reduced by 35 per cent per resident and 59 per cent per worker from 2006 levels
- 7. Per capita drinking water use by 2020 has reduced by 40 per cent per resident and 50 per cent per worker compared to 2000 levels
- 8. Melbourne will be one of the world's top five university cities
- 9. Melbourne will be in the top 10 most innovative global cities
- 10. At least 90 per cent of people walk, cycle or take public transport to work in the CBD
1. All visitors and residents feel welcome and safe in the city
This target contains three separate components: welcome, safe and engaged. To effectively monitor this target it is recommended that each of the three components are monitored separately. WelcomeTo measure the degree to which people feel welcome it is recommended that a question be inserted into the City Users Survey, which is held biennially and will capture the perception of workers, residents and visitors. In addition, the Anholt Brands Survey includes the following question on individuals perception of how welcome they think people in a city would be, the exact question is: "Think about how people in general would behave towards you - about whether for example they might be warm and friendly, cold or show prejudice towards you - How welcome do you think people in general would make you feel in the city?" Of the 60 cities surveyed, Melbourne was ranked 4th (the top 3 cities were Sydney, Rio De Janeiro and Barcelona).(Source: Anholt City Brands Index 2006, Frequency: Annual Report)
Safety
The City of Melbourne has a strategy for a Safer City 2007-2010. This strategy aims to ensure that the municipality of Melbourne continues to be a safe and welcoming place for people to live, work and visit. To effectively monitor the strategy, a detail survey titled Perceptions of Safety within the City of Melbourne has been conducted every 2-3 years. The results of this survey are outlined in Table 1.
2003 | 2006 | |
| City Users | 86% | 86% |
| CBD Residents | 90% | 93% |
| CoM Residents (non CBD) | 87% | 93% |
| Non CoM Residents | 86% | 86% |
| Traders | 89% | 93% |
| Mean (Total) | 88% | 89% |
- When walking alone in their local area during the day 95.2 per cent of residents from the municipality of Melbourne felt safe or very safe
- When walking alone at night 66.8 per cent of residents from the municipality of Melbourne felt safe or very safe.
Engaged can be defined as " busy or occupied; involved" or "to occupy the attention or efforts of" (The Macquarie dictionary). It is recommended that the City Users Survey include a question to ask people if they are engaged in the city. Other indicators related to the engagement are collected in the Community Indicators Victoria survey and focus on two elements of engagement school leavers and community participation, as outlined below. Destination of school leavers The activities of young people who have left school have been sourced from customised 2006 Census tables obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. This data describes the level of engagement in work and study activities of 15-19 year-olds who are not attending school. This population can be categorised into three major groups: fully engaged school leavers are defined as those who are involved in work and/or non-school study (including university, TAFE and vocational training) on a full-time basis; disengaged school leavers are defined as those who are not involved in any work or study activities at all; and the remaining school leavers are defined as partly engaged. The percentage of fully engaged and disengaged school leavers are presented below. Engaged or disengaged: In the municipality of Melbourne, 95.0 per cent of 15-19 year-old school leavers were fully engaged in work or non-school study, compared to 74.1 per cent in the Northern & Western Metro Region and the Victorian State average of 71.9 per cent. Furthermore, 2.8 per cent were disengaged, compared to 15.3 per cent in the Northern and Western Metro Region and the Victorian State average of 15.4 per cent. (Community Indicators Victoria) Participation in citizen engagement Data on the participation of Victorians in selected forms of citizen engagement were collected in the 2007 Community Indicators Victoria Survey. Respondents were asked if they had attended a town meeting or public hearing, met, called or written to a local politician, joined a protest or signed a petition in the previous 12 months. 46.7 per cent of people in the municipality had engaged in at least one of the selected activities in the previous year, compared to 47.9 per cent in the Northern and Western Metro Region and the Victorian State average of 53.8 per cent.
2. All residents, businesses and visitors have easy access to electronic information
To monitor this target it is recommended that a number of indicators are monitored, these include home internet access for residents. Library facilities and wireless access is one way the City of Melbourne can directly influence access to electronic information in the municipality. Residents Home internet access was measured in the 2007 Community Indicators Victoria Survey. Respondents were asked to indicate if the internet could be accessed from their dwelling, and if so, whether access was via a dial up or broadband connection. In the municipality, 91.6 per cent of persons lived in households that had internet access of any form at their dwelling. Of the total population of the municipality, 80.0 per cent lived in households that had home internet access via a broadband connection. (Source: http://www.communityindicators.net.au/wellbeing_reports/melbourne, Frequency: Every two years) Residents/visitors/businesses - City of Melbourne website access Libraries provide free access: City Library has 28 computers, North Melbourne has five computers and East Melbourne eight computers. Melbourne Library Service now has wireless access at all three of its libraries. We encourage customers to bring in their wireless-enabled laptops so that you can enjoy the convenience of wireless web access. Access is free and is available from when the libraries are open until 7pm each evening. The City of Melbourne web design standards facilitate access to the site. These standards facilitate the use of the website on different computer environments such as Windows PCs (98 through to XP), Apple/Mac Computers and Linux based computers. The website can be accessed using the most popular websites created over the past four years: Internet Explorer, Netscape, Firefox, Opera and Safari(Mac) The website is usable by people with visual impairments and are designed to work with JAWS screen reader product.3. The municipality is home to at least 140,000 people
Current estimate for the municipality of Melbourne (2008): 86,000 (Source: ABS Estimated Residential Population, Frequency: Annual Updates). A projected population of 115,000 is the 'business as usual' to 2020 based on current growth trends. This would give the municipality a residential density of 22 people per hectare. By world city standards this is a very low density. Evidence shows that becoming bigger and denser can assist a city to become more resource efficient, more innovative and more prosperous. If the municipality is to become both more sustainable and more liveable in the next ten to twenty years, it should aim for a far higher residential population. One of the most sustainable and liveable cities in the world and a model for Melbourne to emulate is Barcelona. Barcelona has a residential population of about 200 people per hectare. Paris has 250 people per hectare. Central London and New York have 105 people per hectare. These are all cities with which Melbourne compares itself from various perspectives and all of theses cities have high urban heritage values and controls (these are sometimes cited as limiters of development). As a capital city municipality, Melbourne might eventually aim for a density at least comparable to Central London, that is about 100 people per hectare. At this density, the population of the municipality would be about 350,000. This is less than half as dense as Barcelona but four times the current level. Even over twenty years, high growth rates would be needed to reach this target. Therefore, a proposed interim target for 2020 is a population of 140,000 an increase from 2008 of 54,000 which would bring the population density of the municipality to 37 people per hectare. Increasing the population of the municipality by 54,000 will require adding about 27,000 dwellings from 2008 to 2020 (average of 2,250 per annum). This target also assumes that household size is increased from 1.9 to 2 people per dwelling.4. At least 20 per cent of new housing is affordable or social housing
The measure of housing affordability has been calculated through customised 2006 Census tables obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The data show the percentage of households in the lowest income quartile spending 30 per cent or more of their gross household income on rent or mortgage payments. Based on the 2006 ABS Census there is one per cent of affordable housing stock and five per cent public housing stock (Source: ABS Basic Community Profile, frequency: Every 5 years (ie, 2006, 2011, 2016, 2021))5. City employment exceeds 400,000
The measure of employment in the municipality is based on the Census of Land Use and Employment (CLUE) undertaken biennially by the City of Melbourne. This is the total employment for the municipality and includes full time, part time, casual, contractor (volunteers are not included). In 2006 CLUE, 365,904 people where employed in the municipality. This measure has been chosen because of the frequency of updates. Please note, the ABS also reports employment figures for the municipality. For 2006, the ABS recorded 300,250 workers. This is different from the CLUE figure because it records only those people who went to work or worked from home on the census day - in reality there is a high level of contract and part-time workers in the city. In an effort to reconcile the two sets of figures, we have developed the following coefficients.|
|
Full Time |
Part Time |
Casual |
Contractor |
Total |
| Number of jobs |
243,777 |
45,699 |
46,789 |
29,639 |
365,904 |
| Coefficient |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
1 |
|
| Daily Employment |
207,210 |
31,989 |
32,639 |
29,639 |
301,591 |
6. Per capita greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 have reduced by 35 per cent per resident and 59 per cent per worker from 2006 levels
Refer to Zero Carbon City This target relies on the municipality significantly reducing its greenhouse emissions. It also allows for the projected residential and worker growth within the municipality. Details of how we will achieve these reductions and the methodology for measuring progress towards these targets is outlined in the City of Melbourne Zero Net Emissions by 2020 Update 2008.7. Per capita drinking water use by 2020 has reduced by 40 per cent per resident and 50 per cent per worker compared to 2000 levels
Refer to The city as a catchment This target relies on the municipality significantly reducing its mains water consumption. It also allows for the projected residential and worker growth in the municipality. Implicit in these targets are that we will use alternative sources of water and that by 2020 we will reduce pollution entering our waterway by 20 per cent. Details of these targets are outlined in the City of Melbourne Total Watermark - City as a Catchment.8. Melbourne will be one of the world's top five university cities
Global University City Index The Global University City Index has been developed by RMIT as a contribution to the work of the Committee for Melbourne Higher Education Taskforce. The Global University City Index highlights those cities where there is confluence between their size; liveability and connectedness; the number of excellent universities within their bounds; and their sustained investment in education and research. These cities are home to knowledge workers and research clusters that make them a significant driving force of the knowledge economy. The index is based on five individually weighted factors: 1) Size of city is an absolute threshold. Cities with a population less than two million are excluded. 2) City liveability and amenity (30%). 3) The number of global universities and their degree of internationalisation (30%). 4) Educational inputs and performance (20%). 5) Research inputs and performance (20%).| Rank | City | Country |
1 | London | UK |
2 | Boston | US |
3 | Paris | France |
4 | Tokyo | Japan |
5 | Melbourne | Australia |
6 | Sydney | Australia |
7 | New York | US |
8 | Chicago | US |
9 | Baltimore | US |
10 | St Louis | US |
Institution* | World Rank |
| Australian Nat Univ | 57 |
| Univ Melbourne | 79 |
| Univ Queensland | 102-150 |
| Univ Sydney | 102-150 |
| Univ Western Australia | 102-150 |
9. Melbourne will be in the top 10 most innovative global cities
An example source of data on innovation is the 2thinknow Global Innovation Review. In 2007 Melbourne was ranked 8th out of 95 global cities for innovation.2110. At least 90 per cent of people walk, cycle or take public transport to work in the CBD
The mode of travel for 'Journey to Work' is collected by the ABS Working Persons Profile. In 2006, the percentage of people who got to work in the CBD by walking, cycling and public transport was 72 per cent.Monitor and review
Future Melbourne is a community plan developed by the City of Melbourne in partnership with key stakeholders and the community on behalf of residents, workers, businesses and visitors to the municipality. The plan, created through a year-long series of on-going collaborative conversations, presents a shared vision for the city to 2020 and beyond. Future Melbourne provides a platform for the creation of dynamic relationships focused on advancing Melbourne’s interests. Achieving the community of Melbourne's vision for a bold, inspirational and sustainable city will require a strong commitment to changing the way we all live and do business in the municipality.Implementation
The success of Future Melbourne will depend in large part on a dedicated, collaborative community effort. Responsibilities for making Future Melbourne happen are shared. The City of Melbourne will take a lead role in working with the Australian, Victorian and local governments; the business, institutional and community sectors; and with residents, workers and visitors to deliver initiatives in the plan. The City of Melbourne will use its four-year Council Plan to implement the vision and ideas contained within Future Melbourne. This four-year plan drives organisational activity at a high level. Each year, upon consideration of the budget, an annual plan and branch business plans specify exactly what services, programs and activities the City of Melbourne will deliver.
Future Melbourne will also inform a review of the Melbourne Planning Scheme. The planning scheme is the statutory framework for the expression of land use elements detailed in the the Future Melbourne plan.